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Uses: Typical products include sweets, pharmaceutical tablets and vitamin supplements, sauces and cheese, biscuits and cakes requiring a pure white icing and toothpaste which is used daily.


It is also used in sunscreen for children and may have long term carcinogenic effects. Pollutes waterways.


Recent studies have shown high concentrations of ultra fine Titanium Dioxide dust caused respiratory tract cancer in rats exposed by inhalation and intratracheal instillation.


The series of biological events or steps that produce the rat lung cancers (e.g. particle deposition, impaired lung clearance, cell injury, fibrosis, mutations and ultimately cancer) have also been seen in people working in dusty environments.

Description: Titanium dioxide may be used in food to give opacity. The manufacture of paint constitutes the major use of titanium dioxide, but it is also used as a paper coating and as a filler in rubber and plastics.


The most common form of Titanium Dioxide at room temperature is the rutile structure, which is a slightly distorted hcp of O atoms with half octahedral holes filled by Ti atoms. Fine particles may be used to produce high opacity films as Titanium Dioxide has an exceptionally high refractive index in the visible region.


Naturally occurring forms of Titanium Dioxide are usually impure, hence the sulphate process or the chloride process are normally used to harvest an acceptable purity of compound.


E171 Titanium Dioxide

             E 172 Iron Oxides>>>